There’s an option to print infill before perimeter although you can still get these marks at the end of the nozzles path. The best way I’ve found to minimise them is to slow down the outer layer speed.
Those are the locations of the starting point of each layer. Slic3r has an option to print the inner perimiter first, which buries the starting point inside the model. I don’t know if Cura has a similar option.